History of Manual Therapy

HISTORY OF MANUAL THERAPY 

 BY: DPT Aamir Rauf memon

YEAR	PERSON	DESCRIPTION
460 to 380 B.C	Hippocrates	Father of Modern Medicine Worked on “Repositioning of vertebrae” Reduction of dislocated shoulders
129- 199 A.D	Claudius Galen	Greek physician Identified spine as the source of extremity pain
1580	Pare	The famous French military surgeon Advised the use of manipulation in the treatment of spinal curvature
1600s	Bonesetters	England Worked on restoration of bone positions to promote healing in fractures.
1656	Friar Thomas	Published, “The Complete Bone-Setter”
1813	Per Henrik Ling	“Father of Swedish Gymnastics” Founded Royal Central Institute of Gymnastics (RCIG)
1871	Wharton Hood	“On Bone-setting” First such book by an orthodox medical practitioner Hood thought snapping sound was due to breaking adhesions Precedes Osteopathy and Chiropractic
1874 Osteopathy:	Andrew Taylor Still	Founded the first school of Osteopathy in Kirksville, Missouri in 1892 “The body is a unit” “Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated” “The body possesses self- regulatory mechanism for therapies” “Therapy is Nature’s cure” v  “Rule of the Artery”
1895 Chiropractic:	David Daniel Palmer (1845 -1913)  Founder of Chiropractic	Palmer School of Chiropractic founded in 1897 in Davenport, Iowa “Subluxated vertebrae” ( T4 vertebra that resulted in restoration of lost hearing) “Treatment is adjustment” v  “The Law of the Nerve”
1900s	James Mennell	“Intimate joint mechanics” “Accessory motion” (joint play‟ is key to normal function-necessary for full movement to occur)
1927	Thomas Walmsley	Started to use the term “arthrokinematics” He noted among other things that the articular surfaces of joint are incongruous except in one special position (Walmsley‟s Law)
1930s	John Mennell	“Joint play” “Joint dysfunction” “Joint manipulation”
1940s	Freddy Kalternborn	Norwegian physiotherapist (in Norway in 1949),Qualified in chiropractic(1958) & Osteopathy (1962) “Ovoid and sellar” “Concave- convex rule” “Joint axis and treatment plane” “Three Grades of joint play” “Use of distraction” v  Ergonomic principles for the Therapist v  Use of biomechanical principles in patient evaluation and treatment v  Nordic OMT system v  Designed first pneumatic high-low adjustable treatment table I 1950s (fixation,belts,wedges)
1940s	Robert Maigne	“Concept of painless and opposite motion” “Cellulotenoperiosteomyalgic syndrome” “Referred pain, referred tenderness and referred inflammation”
1946 1964? lec	Geoffrey D. Maitland	“assessment and treatment by passive movement” (Analytical Assessment & Examination) “mobilisation and manipulation” (“Vertebral Manipulation”) “central theme, open mindedness, permeable brick wall, subjective and objective examination, technique is the brainchild of ingenuity” v  Oscillatory techniques (Grades I-V)
1950s	James Cyriax	“Local and referred pain”  (Emphasizes the need for soft tissue massage and frequently uses injection of muscle trigger points) “Contractile and inert tissues” (disc is the primary cause of low back pain) “Selective tissue tension tests- active, passive and resisted isometric tests” “Treatment by massage, manipulation and injection” v  Started to use the term endfeel
1950s	Fred R Mitchell	“Lewit- post isometric relaxation” “Sherrington- law of reciprocal innervation” “Korr’s facilitated segment theory” “Autogenic inhibition” “Respiratory assistance” “Barrier concept” “Ease and bind”
1959	Robin McKenzie	Founded the McKenzie Institute in 1982 Spinal mechanical diagnosis and therapy “spinal pain syndromes and posture” “Centralization and peripheralization” McKenzie Classification System- QTF and Derangements
1960s	Brian Mulligan	“mobilisation with movement- MWM” “Neaural & sustained natural apophyseal glides-NAGs and SNAGs” (Spine) “Pain Release Phenomenon- PRP”
1960s	Brian Edwards	Combined movements “Regular and irregular patterns” “Closing and opening patterns” Movement combinations in a quadrant diagram
1960s	Janet Travell	Myofascial trigger points “Active and latent trigger points” “Spray and stretch” “Trigger point release”
1968	Vladimir Janda	Muscle concept “Tight muscles and weak muscles” “Upper crossed syndrome and lower crossed syndrome” “Muscle length is more important than muscle strength”
1970s	Lawrence Jones Strain	Counterstrain “Autogenic inhibition- deactivation of muscle spindles” “Functional or indirect technique”
1979	Stanley V. Paris	Founding member of AAOMPT and first president of the Orthopaedic Section Abnormal movement- dysfunction Joint dysfunction- hypo/hyper mobility Treatment- Mobilisation/ stabilisation “Treatment steps- Preparation, changes and support”
1979	Robert Elvey	Brachial plexus tension tests
1984	Shirley. S. Sahrman	Movement system balance approach “Biomechanical assessment and treatment”
1991	David Butler	“Adverse neural tension syndromes” “Activity specific mechanosensitivity” “Neurogenic v/s Neuropathic pain” “Tension tests and nerve palpation”
1992	Mark Jones	Clinical reasoning “Deductive and Inductive reasoning” “Determinants” “Strategies” “Hypothesis categories”
2000		Kaltenborn-Evjenth International was founded

 Written by:    Aamir Rauf Memon

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